[PATCH OLK-5.10 0/5] net/sched: Fix CVE-2025-37890
Fix CVE-2025-37890 Cong Wang (1): sch_hfsc: Fix qlen accounting bug when using peek in hfsc_enqueue() Davide Caratti (1): net/sched: ets: use old 'nbands' while purging unused classes Lion Ackermann (1): net/sched: Always pass notifications when child class becomes empty Pedro Tammela (1): net_sched: hfsc: Address reentrant enqueue adding class to eltree twice Victor Nogueira (1): net_sched: hfsc: Fix a UAF vulnerability in class with netem as child qdisc net/sched/sch_api.c | 19 +++++-------------- net/sched/sch_ets.c | 11 ++++++----- net/sched/sch_hfsc.c | 15 +++++++++++---- 3 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-) -- 2.25.1
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From: Victor Nogueira <victor@mojatatu.com> mainline inclusion from mainline-v6.15-rc5 commit 141d34391abbb315d68556b7c67ad97885407547 category: bugfix bugzilla: https://gitee.com/src-openeuler/kernel/issues/IC8Y28 CVE: CVE-2025-37890 Reference: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?i... -------------------------------- As described in Gerrard's report [1], we have a UAF case when an hfsc class has a netem child qdisc. The crux of the issue is that hfsc is assuming that checking for cl->qdisc->q.qlen == 0 guarantees that it hasn't inserted the class in the vttree or eltree (which is not true for the netem duplicate case). This patch checks the n_active class variable to make sure that the code won't insert the class in the vttree or eltree twice, catering for the reentrant case. [1] https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/CAHcdcOm+03OD2j6R0=YHKqmy=VgJ8xEOKuP6c7mSgnp-... Fixes: 37d9cf1a3ce3 ("sched: Fix detection of empty queues in child qdiscs") Reported-by: Gerrard Tai <gerrard.tai@starlabs.sg> Acked-by: Jamal Hadi Salim <jhs@mojatatu.com> Signed-off-by: Victor Nogueira <victor@mojatatu.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250425220710.3964791-3-victor@mojatatu.com Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Dong Chenchen <dongchenchen2@huawei.com> --- net/sched/sch_hfsc.c | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/net/sched/sch_hfsc.c b/net/sched/sch_hfsc.c index 1bb7e4f54983..0c0b36c1b50a 100644 --- a/net/sched/sch_hfsc.c +++ b/net/sched/sch_hfsc.c @@ -1570,7 +1570,7 @@ hfsc_enqueue(struct sk_buff *skb, struct Qdisc *sch, struct sk_buff **to_free) return err; } - if (first) { + if (first && !cl->cl_nactive) { if (cl->cl_flags & HFSC_RSC) init_ed(cl, len); if (cl->cl_flags & HFSC_FSC) -- 2.25.1
From: Cong Wang <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com> mainline inclusion from mainline-v6.15-rc6 commit 3f981138109f63232a5fb7165938d4c945cc1b9d category: bugfix bugzilla: https://gitee.com/src-openeuler/kernel/issues/IC8Y28 CVE: CVE-2025-37890 Reference: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?i... -------------------------------- When enqueuing the first packet to an HFSC class, hfsc_enqueue() calls the child qdisc's peek() operation before incrementing sch->q.qlen and sch->qstats.backlog. If the child qdisc uses qdisc_peek_dequeued(), this may trigger an immediate dequeue and potential packet drop. In such cases, qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog() is called, but the HFSC qdisc's qlen and backlog have not yet been updated, leading to inconsistent queue accounting. This can leave an empty HFSC class in the active list, causing further consequences like use-after-free. This patch fixes the bug by moving the increment of sch->q.qlen and sch->qstats.backlog before the call to the child qdisc's peek() operation. This ensures that queue length and backlog are always accurate when packet drops or dequeues are triggered during the peek. Fixes: 12d0ad3be9c3 ("net/sched/sch_hfsc.c: handle corner cases where head may change invalidating calculated deadline") Reported-by: Mingi Cho <mincho@theori.io> Signed-off-by: Cong Wang <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Simon Horman <horms@kernel.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250518222038.58538-2-xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com Reviewed-by: Jamal Hadi Salim <jhs@mojatatu.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Dong Chenchen <dongchenchen2@huawei.com> --- net/sched/sch_hfsc.c | 6 +++--- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/net/sched/sch_hfsc.c b/net/sched/sch_hfsc.c index 0c0b36c1b50a..eec51f91f1d6 100644 --- a/net/sched/sch_hfsc.c +++ b/net/sched/sch_hfsc.c @@ -1570,6 +1570,9 @@ hfsc_enqueue(struct sk_buff *skb, struct Qdisc *sch, struct sk_buff **to_free) return err; } + sch->qstats.backlog += len; + sch->q.qlen++; + if (first && !cl->cl_nactive) { if (cl->cl_flags & HFSC_RSC) init_ed(cl, len); @@ -1585,9 +1588,6 @@ hfsc_enqueue(struct sk_buff *skb, struct Qdisc *sch, struct sk_buff **to_free) } - sch->qstats.backlog += len; - sch->q.qlen++; - return NET_XMIT_SUCCESS; } -- 2.25.1
From: Pedro Tammela <pctammela@mojatatu.com> mainline inclusion from mainline-v6.15-rc7 commit ac9fe7dd8e730a103ae4481147395cc73492d786 category: bugfix bugzilla: https://gitee.com/src-openeuler/kernel/issues/IC8Y28 CVE: CVE-2025-37890 Reference: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?i... -------------------------------- Savino says: "We are writing to report that this recent patch (141d34391abbb315d68556b7c67ad97885407547) [1] can be bypassed, and a UAF can still occur when HFSC is utilized with NETEM. The patch only checks the cl->cl_nactive field to determine whether it is the first insertion or not [2], but this field is only incremented by init_vf [3]. By using HFSC_RSC (which uses init_ed) [4], it is possible to bypass the check and insert the class twice in the eltree. Under normal conditions, this would lead to an infinite loop in hfsc_dequeue for the reasons we already explained in this report [5]. However, if TBF is added as root qdisc and it is configured with a very low rate, it can be utilized to prevent packets from being dequeued. This behavior can be exploited to perform subsequent insertions in the HFSC eltree and cause a UAF." To fix both the UAF and the infinite loop, with netem as an hfsc child, check explicitly in hfsc_enqueue whether the class is already in the eltree whenever the HFSC_RSC flag is set. [1] https://web.git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commi... [2] https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v6.15-rc5/source/net/sched/sch_hfsc.c#L1572 [3] https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v6.15-rc5/source/net/sched/sch_hfsc.c#L677 [4] https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v6.15-rc5/source/net/sched/sch_hfsc.c#L1574 [5] https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/8DuRWwfqjoRDLDmBMlIfbrsZg9Gx50DHJc1ilxsEBNe2D... Fixes: 37d9cf1a3ce3 ("sched: Fix detection of empty queues in child qdiscs") Reported-by: Savino Dicanosa <savy@syst3mfailure.io> Reported-by: William Liu <will@willsroot.io> Acked-by: Jamal Hadi Salim <jhs@mojatatu.com> Tested-by: Victor Nogueira <victor@mojatatu.com> Signed-off-by: Pedro Tammela <pctammela@mojatatu.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250522181448.1439717-2-pctammela@mojatatu.com Signed-off-by: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Dong Chenchen <dongchenchen2@huawei.com> --- net/sched/sch_hfsc.c | 9 ++++++++- 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/net/sched/sch_hfsc.c b/net/sched/sch_hfsc.c index eec51f91f1d6..79a470f57fc5 100644 --- a/net/sched/sch_hfsc.c +++ b/net/sched/sch_hfsc.c @@ -176,6 +176,11 @@ struct hfsc_sched { #define HT_INFINITY 0xffffffffffffffffULL /* infinite time value */ +static bool cl_in_el_or_vttree(struct hfsc_class *cl) +{ + return ((cl->cl_flags & HFSC_FSC) && cl->cl_nactive) || + ((cl->cl_flags & HFSC_RSC) && !RB_EMPTY_NODE(&cl->el_node)); +} /* * eligible tree holds backlogged classes being sorted by their eligible times. @@ -1036,6 +1041,8 @@ hfsc_change_class(struct Qdisc *sch, u32 classid, u32 parentid, if (cl == NULL) return -ENOBUFS; + RB_CLEAR_NODE(&cl->el_node); + err = tcf_block_get(&cl->block, &cl->filter_list, sch, extack); if (err) { kfree(cl); @@ -1573,7 +1580,7 @@ hfsc_enqueue(struct sk_buff *skb, struct Qdisc *sch, struct sk_buff **to_free) sch->qstats.backlog += len; sch->q.qlen++; - if (first && !cl->cl_nactive) { + if (first && !cl_in_el_or_vttree(cl)) { if (cl->cl_flags & HFSC_RSC) init_ed(cl, len); if (cl->cl_flags & HFSC_FSC) -- 2.25.1
From: Lion Ackermann <nnamrec@gmail.com> mainline inclusion from mainline-v6.16-rc4 commit 103406b38c600fec1fe375a77b27d87e314aea09 category: bugfix bugzilla: https://gitee.com/src-openeuler/kernel/issues/IC8Y28 CVE: CVE-2025-37890 Reference: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?i... -------------------------------- Certain classful qdiscs may invoke their classes' dequeue handler on an enqueue operation. This may unexpectedly empty the child qdisc and thus make an in-flight class passive via qlen_notify(). Most qdiscs do not expect such behaviour at this point in time and may re-activate the class eventually anyways which will lead to a use-after-free. The referenced fix commit attempted to fix this behavior for the HFSC case by moving the backlog accounting around, though this turned out to be incomplete since the parent's parent may run into the issue too. The following reproducer demonstrates this use-after-free: tc qdisc add dev lo root handle 1: drr tc filter add dev lo parent 1: basic classid 1:1 tc class add dev lo parent 1: classid 1:1 drr tc qdisc add dev lo parent 1:1 handle 2: hfsc def 1 tc class add dev lo parent 2: classid 2:1 hfsc rt m1 8 d 1 m2 0 tc qdisc add dev lo parent 2:1 handle 3: netem tc qdisc add dev lo parent 3:1 handle 4: blackhole echo 1 | socat -u STDIN UDP4-DATAGRAM:127.0.0.1:8888 tc class delete dev lo classid 1:1 echo 1 | socat -u STDIN UDP4-DATAGRAM:127.0.0.1:8888 Since backlog accounting issues leading to a use-after-frees on stale class pointers is a recurring pattern at this point, this patch takes a different approach. Instead of trying to fix the accounting, the patch ensures that qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog always calls qlen_notify when the child qdisc is empty. This solves the problem because deletion of qdiscs always involves a call to qdisc_reset() and / or qdisc_purge_queue() which ultimately resets its qlen to 0 thus causing the following qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog() to report to the parent. Note that this may call qlen_notify on passive classes multiple times. This is not a problem after the recent patch series that made all the classful qdiscs qlen_notify() handlers idempotent. Fixes: 3f981138109f ("sch_hfsc: Fix qlen accounting bug when using peek in hfsc_enqueue()") Signed-off-by: Lion Ackermann <nnamrec@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Jamal Hadi Salim <jhs@mojatatu.com> Acked-by: Cong Wang <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com> Acked-by: Jamal Hadi Salim <jhs@mojatatu.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/d912cbd7-193b-4269-9857-525bee8bbb6a@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org> Conflicts: net/sched/sch_api.c [qdisc_lookup_rcu in qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog is not backport] Signed-off-by: dongchenchen <dongchenchen2@huawei.com> --- net/sched/sch_api.c | 19 +++++-------------- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-) diff --git a/net/sched/sch_api.c b/net/sched/sch_api.c index 51f2ea115f30..7156f64a2004 100644 --- a/net/sched/sch_api.c +++ b/net/sched/sch_api.c @@ -769,15 +769,12 @@ static u32 qdisc_alloc_handle(struct net_device *dev) void qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog(struct Qdisc *sch, int n, int len) { - bool qdisc_is_offloaded = sch->flags & TCQ_F_OFFLOADED; const struct Qdisc_class_ops *cops; unsigned long cl; u32 parentid; bool notify; int drops; - if (n == 0 && len == 0) - return; drops = max_t(int, n, 0); rcu_read_lock(); while ((parentid = sch->parent)) { @@ -786,17 +783,8 @@ void qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog(struct Qdisc *sch, int n, int len) if (sch->flags & TCQ_F_NOPARENT) break; - /* Notify parent qdisc only if child qdisc becomes empty. - * - * If child was empty even before update then backlog - * counter is screwed and we skip notification because - * parent class is already passive. - * - * If the original child was offloaded then it is allowed - * to be seem as empty, so the parent is notified anyway. - */ - notify = !sch->q.qlen && !WARN_ON_ONCE(!n && - !qdisc_is_offloaded); + /* Notify parent qdisc only if child qdisc becomes empty. */ + notify = !sch->q.qlen; /* TODO: perform the search on a per txq basis */ sch = qdisc_lookup(qdisc_dev(sch), TC_H_MAJ(parentid)); if (sch == NULL) { @@ -805,6 +793,9 @@ void qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog(struct Qdisc *sch, int n, int len) } cops = sch->ops->cl_ops; if (notify && cops->qlen_notify) { + /* Note that qlen_notify must be idempotent as it may get called + * multiple times. + */ cl = cops->find(sch, parentid); cops->qlen_notify(sch, cl); } -- 2.25.1
From: Davide Caratti <dcaratti@redhat.com> mainline inclusion from mainline-v6.17-rc2 commit 87c6efc5ce9c126ae4a781bc04504b83780e3650 category: bugfix bugzilla: https://gitee.com/src-openeuler/kernel/issues/IC8Y28 CVE: CVE-2025-37890 Reference: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?i... -------------------------------- Shuang reported sch_ets test-case [1] crashing in ets_class_qlen_notify() after recent changes from Lion [2]. The problem is: in ets_qdisc_change() we purge unused DWRR queues; the value of 'q->nbands' is the new one, and the cleanup should be done with the old one. The problem is here since my first attempts to fix ets_qdisc_change(), but it surfaced again after the recent qdisc len accounting fixes. Fix it purging idle DWRR queues before assigning a new value of 'q->nbands', so that all purge operations find a consistent configuration: - old 'q->nbands' because it's needed by ets_class_find() - old 'q->nstrict' because it's needed by ets_class_is_strict() BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000000 #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page PGD 0 P4D 0 Oops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI CPU: 62 UID: 0 PID: 39457 Comm: tc Kdump: loaded Not tainted 6.12.0-116.el10.x86_64 #1 PREEMPT(voluntary) Hardware name: Dell Inc. PowerEdge R640/06DKY5, BIOS 2.12.2 07/09/2021 RIP: 0010:__list_del_entry_valid_or_report+0x4/0x80 Code: ff 4c 39 c7 0f 84 39 19 8e ff b8 01 00 00 00 c3 cc cc cc cc 66 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 f3 0f 1e fa <48> 8b 17 48 8b 4f 08 48 85 d2 0f 84 56 19 8e ff 48 85 c9 0f 84 ab RSP: 0018:ffffba186009f400 EFLAGS: 00010202 RAX: 00000000000000d6 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 0000000000000004 RDX: ffff9f0fa29b69c0 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: 0000000000000000 RBP: ffffffffc12c2400 R08: 0000000000000008 R09: 0000000000000004 R10: ffffffffffffffff R11: 0000000000000004 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: ffff9f0f8cfe0000 R14: 0000000000100005 R15: 0000000000000000 FS: 00007f2154f37480(0000) GS:ffff9f269c1c0000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 0000000000000000 CR3: 00000001530be001 CR4: 00000000007726f0 DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000 DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400 PKRU: 55555554 Call Trace: <TASK> ets_class_qlen_notify+0x65/0x90 [sch_ets] qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog+0x74/0x110 ets_qdisc_change+0x630/0xa40 [sch_ets] __tc_modify_qdisc.constprop.0+0x216/0x7f0 tc_modify_qdisc+0x7c/0x120 rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x145/0x3f0 netlink_rcv_skb+0x53/0x100 netlink_unicast+0x245/0x390 netlink_sendmsg+0x21b/0x470 ____sys_sendmsg+0x39d/0x3d0 ___sys_sendmsg+0x9a/0xe0 __sys_sendmsg+0x7a/0xd0 do_syscall_64+0x7d/0x160 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e RIP: 0033:0x7f2155114084 Code: 89 02 b8 ff ff ff ff eb bb 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 00 f3 0f 1e fa 80 3d 25 f0 0c 00 00 74 13 b8 2e 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 54 c3 0f 1f 00 48 83 ec 28 89 54 24 1c 48 89 RSP: 002b:00007fff1fd7a988 EFLAGS: 00000202 ORIG_RAX: 000000000000002e RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0000560ec063e5e0 RCX: 00007f2155114084 RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 00007fff1fd7a9f0 RDI: 0000000000000003 RBP: 00007fff1fd7aa60 R08: 0000000000000010 R09: 000000000000003f R10: 0000560ee9b3a010 R11: 0000000000000202 R12: 00007fff1fd7aae0 R13: 000000006891ccde R14: 0000560ec063e5e0 R15: 00007fff1fd7aad0 </TASK> [1] https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/e08c7f4a6882f260011909a868311c6e9b54f3e4.1639... [2] https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/d912cbd7-193b-4269-9857-525bee8bbb6a@gmail.co... Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Fixes: 103406b38c60 ("net/sched: Always pass notifications when child class becomes empty") Fixes: c062f2a0b04d ("net/sched: sch_ets: don't remove idle classes from the round-robin list") Fixes: dcc68b4d8084 ("net: sch_ets: Add a new Qdisc") Reported-by: Li Shuang <shuali@redhat.com> Closes: https://issues.redhat.com/browse/RHEL-108026 Reviewed-by: Petr Machata <petrm@nvidia.com> Co-developed-by: Ivan Vecera <ivecera@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ivan Vecera <ivecera@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Davide Caratti <dcaratti@redhat.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/7928ff6d17db47a2ae7cc205c44777b1f1950545.1755016081... Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org> Conflicts: net/sched/sch_ets.c [commit d92adacdd8c2 and c5f1dde7f731 not backport] Signed-off-by: Dong Chenchen <dongchenchen2@huawei.com> --- net/sched/sch_ets.c | 11 ++++++----- 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) diff --git a/net/sched/sch_ets.c b/net/sched/sch_ets.c index d50ba5eb4576..8ae8e5b74f3b 100644 --- a/net/sched/sch_ets.c +++ b/net/sched/sch_ets.c @@ -661,6 +661,12 @@ static int ets_qdisc_change(struct Qdisc *sch, struct nlattr *opt, sch_tree_lock(sch); + for (i = nbands; i < oldbands; i++) { + if (i >= q->nstrict && q->classes[i].qdisc->q.qlen) + list_del_init(&q->classes[i].alist); + qdisc_tree_flush_backlog(q->classes[i].qdisc); + } + q->nbands = nbands; for (i = nstrict; i < q->nstrict; i++) { INIT_LIST_HEAD(&q->classes[i].alist); @@ -669,11 +675,6 @@ static int ets_qdisc_change(struct Qdisc *sch, struct nlattr *opt, q->classes[i].deficit = quanta[i]; } } - for (i = q->nbands; i < oldbands; i++) { - if (i >= q->nstrict && q->classes[i].qdisc->q.qlen) - list_del_init(&q->classes[i].alist); - qdisc_tree_flush_backlog(q->classes[i].qdisc); - } q->nstrict = nstrict; memcpy(q->prio2band, priomap, sizeof(priomap)); -- 2.25.1
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