From: Xu Kuohai xukuohai@huawei.com
hulk inclusion category: feature bugzilla: https://gitee.com/openeuler/kernel/issues/I9FGRE
--------------------------------
Add long jump support to fentry, so dynamically allocated trampolines like bpf trampoline can be called from fentry directly, as these trampoline addresses may be out of the range that a single bl instruction can jump to.
The scheme used here is basically the same as commit b2ad54e1533e ("bpf, arm64: Implement bpf_arch_text_poke() for arm64").
1. At compile time, we use -fpatchable-function-entry=7,5 to insert 5 NOPs before function entry and 2 NOPs after function entry:
NOP NOP NOP NOP NOP func: BTI C // if BTI NOP NOP
The reason for inserting 5 NOPs before the function entry is that 2 NOPs are patched to LDR and BR instructions, 2 NOPs are used to store the destination jump address, and 1 NOP is used to adjust alignment to ensure the destination jump address is stored in 8-byte aligned memory, which is required by atomic store and load.
2. When there is no trampoline attached, the callsite is patched to:
NOP // extra NOP if func is 8-byte aligned literal: .quad ftrace_dummy_tramp NOP // extra NOP if func is NOT 8-byte aligned literal_call: LDR X16, literal BR X16 func: BTI C // if BTI MOV X9, LR NOP
3. When long jump trampoline is attached, the callsite is patched to:
NOP // extra NOP if func is 8-byte aligned literal: .quad <long-jump-trampoline> NOP // extra NOP if func is NOT 8-byte aligned literal_call: LDR X16, literal BR X16 func: BTI C // if BTI MOV X9, LR BL literal_call
4. When short jump trampoline is attached, the callsite is patched to:
NOP // extra NOP if func is 8-byte aligned literal: .quad ftrace_dummy_tramp NOP // extra NOP if func is NOT 8-byte aligned literal_call: LDR X16, literal BR X16 func: BTI C // if BTI MOV X9, LR BL <short-jump-trampoline>
Note that there is always a valid jump address in literal, either custom trampoline address or the dummy trampoline address, which ensures that we'll never jump from callsite to an unknown place.
Also note that the callsite is only ensured to be patched atomically and securely. Whether the custom trampoline can be freed should be checked by the trampoline user. For example, bpf uses refcnt and task based rcu to ensure bpf trampoline could be freed safely.
In my environment, before this patch, there are 2 NOPs inserted in function entry, and the generated vmlinux size is 463,649,280 bytes, while after this patch, the vmlinux size is 465,069,368 bytes, increased 1,420,088 bytes, about 0.3%. In vmlinux, there are 14,376 8-byte aligned functions and 41,847 unaligned functions. For each aligned function, one of the five NOPs before the function entry is unnecessary, wasting 57,504 bytes.
Signed-off-by: Xu Kuohai xukuohai@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Pu Lehui pulehui@huawei.com --- arch/arm64/Makefile | 4 + arch/arm64/include/asm/ftrace.h | 27 ++--- arch/arm64/include/asm/insn.h | 2 + arch/arm64/kernel/entry-ftrace.S | 21 +++- arch/arm64/kernel/ftrace.c | 198 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-- arch/arm64/kernel/insn.c | 14 +++ arch/arm64/net/bpf_jit_comp.c | 4 + include/linux/ftrace.h | 1 + kernel/trace/ftrace.c | 9 +- 9 files changed, 252 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)
diff --git a/arch/arm64/Makefile b/arch/arm64/Makefile index 4a42de35a898..e6b71f720419 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/Makefile +++ b/arch/arm64/Makefile @@ -128,7 +128,11 @@ CHECKFLAGS += -D__aarch64__
ifeq ($(CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_REGS),y) KBUILD_CPPFLAGS += -DCC_USING_PATCHABLE_FUNCTION_ENTRY + ifeq ($(CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_DIRECT_CALLS),y) + CC_FLAGS_FTRACE := -fpatchable-function-entry=7,5 + else CC_FLAGS_FTRACE := -fpatchable-function-entry=2 + endif endif
# Default value diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/ftrace.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/ftrace.h index 0b4d5a6990aa..70e08e049998 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/ftrace.h +++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/ftrace.h @@ -45,27 +45,16 @@ extern void _mcount(unsigned long); extern void *return_address(unsigned int);
struct dyn_arch_ftrace { - /* No extra data needed for arm64 */ +#ifdef CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_DIRECT_CALLS + unsigned long func; /* start address of function */ +#endif };
extern unsigned long ftrace_graph_call;
extern void return_to_handler(void);
-static inline unsigned long ftrace_call_adjust(unsigned long addr) -{ - /* - * Adjust addr to point at the BL in the callsite. - * See ftrace_init_nop() for the callsite sequence. - */ - if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_REGS)) - return addr + AARCH64_INSN_SIZE; - /* - * addr is the address of the mcount call instruction. - * recordmcount does the necessary offset calculation. - */ - return addr; -} +unsigned long ftrace_call_adjust(unsigned long addr);
#ifdef CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_REGS struct dyn_ftrace; @@ -103,6 +92,14 @@ static inline bool arch_syscall_match_sym_name(const char *sym, */ return !strcmp(sym + 8, name); } + +#ifdef CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_DIRECT_CALLS + +#define ftrace_dummy_tramp ftrace_dummy_tramp +extern void ftrace_dummy_tramp(void); + +#endif /* CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_DIRECT_CALLS */ + #endif /* ifndef __ASSEMBLY__ */
#endif /* __ASM_FTRACE_H */ diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/insn.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/insn.h index 1dec70e8fa4c..f837a55e7abd 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/insn.h +++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/insn.h @@ -503,6 +503,8 @@ u32 aarch64_set_branch_offset(u32 insn, s32 offset); int aarch64_insn_patch_text_nosync(void *addr, u32 insn); int aarch64_insn_patch_text(void *addrs[], u32 insns[], int cnt);
+void aarch64_literal64_write(void *addr, u64 data); + s32 aarch64_insn_adrp_get_offset(u32 insn); u32 aarch64_insn_adrp_set_offset(u32 insn, s32 offset);
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/entry-ftrace.S b/arch/arm64/kernel/entry-ftrace.S index 67f68c9ef94c..0aca838614a2 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/kernel/entry-ftrace.S +++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/entry-ftrace.S @@ -14,14 +14,16 @@
#ifdef CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_REGS /* - * Due to -fpatchable-function-entry=2, the compiler has placed two NOPs before - * the regular function prologue. For an enabled callsite, ftrace_init_nop() and - * ftrace_make_call() have patched those NOPs to: + * Due to -fpatchable-function-entry=2 or -fpatchable-function-entry=7,5, the + * compiler has placed two NOPs before the regular function prologue. For an + * enabled callsite, ftrace_init_nop() and ftrace_make_call() have patched those + * NOPs to: * * MOV X9, LR * BL <entry> * - * ... where <entry> is either ftrace_caller or ftrace_regs_caller. + * ... where <entry> is ftrace_caller or ftrace_regs_caller or custom + * trampoline. * * Each instrumented function follows the AAPCS, so here x0-x8 and x18-x30 are * live (x18 holds the Shadow Call Stack pointer), and x9-x17 are safe to @@ -349,3 +351,14 @@ SYM_CODE_START(return_to_handler) ret SYM_CODE_END(return_to_handler) #endif /* CONFIG_FUNCTION_GRAPH_TRACER */ + +#ifdef CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_DIRECT_CALLS +SYM_FUNC_START(ftrace_dummy_tramp) +#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ARM64_BTI_KERNEL) + bti j /* ftrace_dummy_tramp is called via "br x10" */ +#endif + mov x10, x30 + mov x30, x9 + ret x10 +SYM_FUNC_END(ftrace_dummy_tramp) +#endif /* CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_DIRECT_CALLS */ diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/ftrace.c b/arch/arm64/kernel/ftrace.c index 402a24f845b9..bccb938d52f7 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/kernel/ftrace.c +++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/ftrace.c @@ -76,6 +76,123 @@ static struct plt_entry *get_ftrace_plt(struct module *mod, unsigned long addr) return NULL; }
+enum ftrace_callsite_action { + FC_INIT, + FC_REMOVE_CALL, + FC_ADD_CALL, + FC_REPLACE_CALL, +}; + +#ifdef CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_DIRECT_CALLS + +/* + * When func is 8-byte aligned, literal_call is located at func - 8 and literal + * is located at func - 16: + * + * NOP + * literal: + * .quad ftrace_dummy_tramp + * literal_call: + * LDR X16, literal + * BR X16 + * func: + * BTI C // if BTI + * MOV X9, LR + * NOP + * + * When func is not 8-byte aligned, literal_call is located at func - 8 and + * literal is located at func - 20: + * + * literal: + * .quad ftrace_dummy_tramp + * NOP + * literal_call: + * LDR X16, literal + * BR X16 + * func: + * BTI C // if BTI + * MOV X9, LR + * NOP + */ + +static unsigned long ftrace_literal_call_addr(struct dyn_ftrace *rec) +{ + return rec->arch.func - 2 * AARCH64_INSN_SIZE; +} + +static unsigned long ftrace_literal_addr(struct dyn_ftrace *rec) +{ + unsigned long addr = 0; + + addr = ftrace_literal_call_addr(rec); + if (addr % sizeof(long)) + addr -= 3 * AARCH64_INSN_SIZE; + else + addr -= 2 * AARCH64_INSN_SIZE; + + return addr; +} + +static void ftrace_update_literal(unsigned long literal_addr, unsigned long call_target, + int action) +{ + unsigned long dummy_tramp = (unsigned long)&ftrace_dummy_tramp; + + if (action == FC_INIT || action == FC_REMOVE_CALL) + aarch64_literal64_write((void *)literal_addr, dummy_tramp); + else if (action == FC_ADD_CALL) + aarch64_literal64_write((void *)literal_addr, call_target); +} + +static int ftrace_init_literal(struct module *mod, struct dyn_ftrace *rec) +{ + int ret; + u32 old, new; + unsigned long addr; + unsigned long pc = rec->ip - AARCH64_INSN_SIZE; + + old = aarch64_insn_gen_nop(); + + addr = ftrace_literal_addr(rec); + ftrace_update_literal(addr, 0, FC_INIT); + + pc = ftrace_literal_call_addr(rec); + new = aarch64_insn_gen_load_literal(pc, addr, AARCH64_INSN_REG_16, + true); + ret = ftrace_modify_code(pc, old, new, true); + if (ret) + return ret; + + pc += AARCH64_INSN_SIZE; + new = aarch64_insn_gen_branch_reg(AARCH64_INSN_REG_16, + AARCH64_INSN_BRANCH_NOLINK); + return ftrace_modify_code(pc, old, new, true); +} + +#else + +static inline unsigned long ftrace_literal_addr(struct dyn_ftrace *rec) +{ + return 0; +} + +static inline unsigned long ftrace_literal_call_addr(struct dyn_ftrace *rec) +{ + return 0; +} + +static inline void ftrace_update_literal(unsigned long literal_addr, unsigned long call_target, + int action) +{ +} + +static inline int ftrace_init_literal(struct module *mod, struct dyn_ftrace *rec) +{ + return 0; +} + +#endif /* CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_DIRECT_CALLS */ + /* * Find the address the callsite must branch to in order to reach '*addr'. * @@ -87,7 +204,8 @@ static struct plt_entry *get_ftrace_plt(struct module *mod, unsigned long addr) */ static bool ftrace_find_callable_addr(struct dyn_ftrace *rec, struct module *mod, - unsigned long *addr) + unsigned long *addr, + int action) { unsigned long pc = rec->ip; long offset = (long)*addr - (long)pc; @@ -100,6 +218,15 @@ static bool ftrace_find_callable_addr(struct dyn_ftrace *rec, if (offset >= -SZ_128M && offset < SZ_128M) return true;
+ if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_DIRECT_CALLS)) { + unsigned long literal_addr; + + literal_addr = ftrace_literal_addr(rec); + ftrace_update_literal(literal_addr, *addr, action); + *addr = ftrace_literal_call_addr(rec); + return true; + } + /* * When the target is outside of the range of a 'BL' instruction, we * must use a PLT to reach it. We can only place PLTs for modules, and @@ -144,7 +271,7 @@ int ftrace_make_call(struct dyn_ftrace *rec, unsigned long addr) unsigned long pc = rec->ip; u32 old, new;
- if (!ftrace_find_callable_addr(rec, NULL, &addr)) + if (!ftrace_find_callable_addr(rec, NULL, &addr, FC_ADD_CALL)) return -EINVAL;
old = aarch64_insn_gen_nop(); @@ -160,9 +287,9 @@ int ftrace_modify_call(struct dyn_ftrace *rec, unsigned long old_addr, unsigned long pc = rec->ip; u32 old, new;
- if (!ftrace_find_callable_addr(rec, NULL, &old_addr)) + if (!ftrace_find_callable_addr(rec, NULL, &old_addr, FC_REPLACE_CALL)) return -EINVAL; - if (!ftrace_find_callable_addr(rec, NULL, &addr)) + if (!ftrace_find_callable_addr(rec, NULL, &addr, FC_ADD_CALL)) return -EINVAL;
old = aarch64_insn_gen_branch_imm(pc, old_addr, @@ -187,9 +314,10 @@ int ftrace_modify_call(struct dyn_ftrace *rec, unsigned long old_addr, * | NOP | MOV X9, LR | MOV X9, LR | * | NOP | NOP | BL <entry> | * - * The LR value will be recovered by ftrace_regs_entry, and restored into LR - * before returning to the regular function prologue. When a function is not - * being traced, the MOV is not harmful given x9 is not live per the AAPCS. + * The LR value will be recovered by ftrace_regs_entry or custom trampoline, + * and restored into LR before returning to the regular function prologue. + * When a function is not being traced, the MOV is not harmful given x9 is + * not live per the AAPCS. * * Note: ftrace_process_locs() has pre-adjusted rec->ip to be the address of * the BL. @@ -199,6 +327,14 @@ int ftrace_init_nop(struct module *mod, struct dyn_ftrace *rec) unsigned long pc = rec->ip - AARCH64_INSN_SIZE; u32 old, new;
+ if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_DIRECT_CALLS)) { + int ret; + + ret = ftrace_init_literal(mod, rec); + if (ret) + return ret; + } + old = aarch64_insn_gen_nop(); new = aarch64_insn_gen_move_reg(AARCH64_INSN_REG_9, AARCH64_INSN_REG_LR, @@ -207,6 +343,45 @@ int ftrace_init_nop(struct module *mod, struct dyn_ftrace *rec) } #endif
+unsigned long ftrace_call_adjust(unsigned long addr) +{ + if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_DIRECT_CALLS)) { + u32 insn; + u32 nop = aarch64_insn_gen_nop(); + + /* Skip the first 5 NOPS */ + addr += 5 * AARCH64_INSN_SIZE; + + if (aarch64_insn_read((void *)addr, &insn)) + return 0; + + if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ARM64_BTI_KERNEL)) { + if (insn != nop) { + addr += AARCH64_INSN_SIZE; + if (aarch64_insn_read((void *)addr, &insn)) + return 0; + } + } + + if (WARN_ON_ONCE(insn != nop)) + return 0; + + return addr + AARCH64_INSN_SIZE; + } else if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_REGS)) { + /* + * Adjust addr to point at the BL in the callsite. + * See ftrace_init_nop() for the callsite sequence. + */ + return addr + AARCH64_INSN_SIZE; + } + + /* + * addr is the address of the mcount call instruction. + * recordmcount does the necessary offset calculation. + */ + return addr; +} + /* * Turn off the call to ftrace_caller() in instrumented function */ @@ -232,7 +407,7 @@ int ftrace_make_nop(struct module *mod, struct dyn_ftrace *rec, return aarch64_insn_patch_text_nosync((void *)pc, new); }
- if (!ftrace_find_callable_addr(rec, mod, &addr)) + if (!ftrace_find_callable_addr(rec, mod, &addr, FC_REMOVE_CALL)) return -EINVAL;
old = aarch64_insn_gen_branch_imm(pc, addr, AARCH64_INSN_BRANCH_LINK); @@ -246,6 +421,13 @@ void arch_ftrace_update_code(int command) ftrace_modify_all_code(command); }
+void ftrace_rec_arch_init(struct dyn_ftrace *rec, unsigned long func) +{ +#ifdef CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_DIRECT_CALLS + rec->arch.func = func + 5 * AARCH64_INSN_SIZE; +#endif +} + int __init ftrace_dyn_arch_init(void) { return 0; diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/insn.c b/arch/arm64/kernel/insn.c index e56f409c179b..fbd2b7eec1dc 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/kernel/insn.c +++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/insn.c @@ -153,6 +153,20 @@ static int __kprobes __aarch64_insn_write(void *addr, __le32 insn) return ret; }
+void __kprobes aarch64_literal64_write(void *addr, u64 data) +{ + u64 *waddr; + unsigned long flags = 0; + + raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&patch_lock, flags); + waddr = patch_map(addr, FIX_TEXT_POKE0); + + WRITE_ONCE(*waddr, data); + + patch_unmap(FIX_TEXT_POKE0); + raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&patch_lock, flags); +} + int __kprobes aarch64_insn_write(void *addr, u32 insn) { return __aarch64_insn_write(addr, cpu_to_le32(insn)); diff --git a/arch/arm64/net/bpf_jit_comp.c b/arch/arm64/net/bpf_jit_comp.c index a1d169e93cb7..5560d20f68f4 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/net/bpf_jit_comp.c +++ b/arch/arm64/net/bpf_jit_comp.c @@ -422,6 +422,9 @@ static int emit_bpf_tail_call(struct jit_ctx *ctx) #undef jmp_offset }
+#ifdef ftrace_dummy_tramp +#define dummy_tramp ftrace_dummy_tramp +#else void dummy_tramp(void);
asm ( @@ -438,6 +441,7 @@ asm ( " .size dummy_tramp, .-dummy_tramp\n" " .popsection\n" ); +#endif
/* build a plt initialized like this: * diff --git a/include/linux/ftrace.h b/include/linux/ftrace.h index b9dd113599eb..d979242f44fe 100644 --- a/include/linux/ftrace.h +++ b/include/linux/ftrace.h @@ -461,6 +461,7 @@ struct dyn_ftrace { };
int ftrace_force_update(void); +void ftrace_rec_arch_init(struct dyn_ftrace *rec, unsigned long addr); int ftrace_set_filter_ip(struct ftrace_ops *ops, unsigned long ip, int remove, int reset); int ftrace_set_filter(struct ftrace_ops *ops, unsigned char *buf, diff --git a/kernel/trace/ftrace.c b/kernel/trace/ftrace.c index 837c24dcbafd..ba2cce21bb83 100644 --- a/kernel/trace/ftrace.c +++ b/kernel/trace/ftrace.c @@ -6225,6 +6225,10 @@ static int ftrace_cmp_ips(const void *a, const void *b) return 0; }
+void __weak ftrace_rec_arch_init(struct dyn_ftrace *rec, unsigned long addr) +{ +} + static int ftrace_process_locs(struct module *mod, unsigned long *start, unsigned long *end) @@ -6280,7 +6284,9 @@ static int ftrace_process_locs(struct module *mod, pg = start_pg; while (p < end) { unsigned long end_offset; - addr = ftrace_call_adjust(*p++); + unsigned long nop_addr = *p++; + + addr = ftrace_call_adjust(nop_addr); /* * Some architecture linkers will pad between * the different mcount_loc sections of different @@ -6302,6 +6308,7 @@ static int ftrace_process_locs(struct module *mod,
rec = &pg->records[pg->index++]; rec->ip = addr; + ftrace_rec_arch_init(rec, nop_addr); }
if (pg->next) {